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发表于 2006-10-7 16:35:00
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Re: (前沿动态翻译)关于人类社会关系在网络游戏的建模算法
转载自http://gamasutra.com/features/20060928/cole_02.shtml
关于人类社会关系在网络游戏的建模算法(2)
当前社会关系网络的元素分析
社会关系网络分析(SNA)是一门新科学。它相当需要直觉。(那可不是吗
,这是一门关于我们人类的科学!)我们都生活在社会的一个个小群体中,并
且和我们周围的人们交流。
从SNA的核心概念出发,以下是我们将要用到的一些元素。
元素1:演员
社会关系网络的基本元素就是演员。大体上说,演员就是人类个体,可并
不总是这样。我们的演员可能是人类,或者新的资源。
如何组织演员是游戏设计师需要考虑的一个重要的问题:多少演员能够被
他们附近的话题所感染,或者是完全没有反应?
元素2:联系
在人们之间的“联系”往往是下意识的。大多数人感觉得到周围的人与他们
之间的联系;他们的家庭,朋友,同事,等等。而衡量“联系”是很困难的,关
系并不需要对称均匀。比如John尊敬Bill,但是Bill可能根本不尊敬John。
但是我们假定可以用演员联系的平均数字。
当我们衡量联系的时候,有两个因素是重要的:联系的频率和交谈双方彼
此的尊敬程度。
在我们的模型之中,一个大的正数意味着尊敬,一个绝对值大的负数意味
着轻蔑。(Wow的声望系统就是这么设计的译者注)
元素3。 网络
从一张网中拿出几组个体。从中我们可以看到,我们无法把人们同时分成
家庭,种族,或者其它层次------尽管那样分从理论上是可行的。我们用一种
更为简单的方法,大的人口联系是基于随机数的,在一小部分人口之中人口联
系游戏设计师可以设计出来。
强度计算
当在介绍中提到的时候,我们用简单的数字来降低了演员对于观点支持程
度的复杂性。我们可以把这个数字称为小组分数。有些人坚信某件事情,有些
人对那件事情很冷淡,有的人相信相反的情况。这种人们对事物的信任程度很
可能彼此影响。(文中注3:本文作者相信,观念的传播有时甚至是下意识的
。比如说,有个人在听到某个候选人的名字的时候会翻白眼,他们就在向周围
的人们传递一种信号。这就是一个会被人们接受的信号,因为有这么多的非口
头信号,这就是有时候人们怎么也不能被口头说服的一个原因)
用同一个标准来衡量小组分数很武断。这只是一个简单参考,暗示人们支
持或者不支持一个观点,并暗示他们对于此观点的支持程度。一个例子就是如
下的表,在这张表中,+1是King John一般的支持程度,+3是狂热支持者。
+3 +2 +1 0 -1 -2 -3
强烈支持 强烈反对
我们将用演员所感受到的平均数来计算(被他们联系的强弱程度所衡量)
,然后计算出和演员当前感情之间的距离。如果没有距离(比如,人们支持
John国王,而演员也支持John国王,那么他们就不会改变各自的观点。)
强制改变=演员感到的情感 - 演员所在的小组所感到的情感
我们从演员周围的人们中得到了“大多数人的观点”。这大概可以用Boids
算法描述出来:
小组强制观点 一个演员周围的人们的主要观点
强制聚合 小组对其中一个演员关于某事观点的影响力
强制分离 当小组大体对某个观点排斥的时候,对演员的影响力
为了让演员能成为其它的独立角色或者是新资源,我们分别有效地运用我
们的聚合和凝聚。也许演员会意识到小组的强制力会是强制他们不做某件事的
模糊的动机。
2/8 页 待续
Modeling Opinion Flow in Humans Using Boids Algorithm &
Social Network Analysis
(Page 2/8)
PreviousNext
Article Start
Elements of Social Network Analysis that we are Using
Social Network Analysis (SNA) is a fairly new science. It is
fairly intuitive. (It has to be. It is a science about us!)
We all live in groups and communicate with the people around
us.
From the entire SNA tool kit, below are the few elements
that we will be using.
Element 1. Actors
The basis of all social networks is the Actor. In general,
Actors are people, but not always so. Our actors will be
people and news sources.
The composition of the actors is an important question that
the game designer will have to answer: How many actors will
be prone to radicalization or will just plain not change
their mind on the topic at hand?
Figure 1 . An actor can be an individual or news source.
Element 2. Connections
The idea of 'connections' between people is intuitive. Most
people feel connected to the people around them; their
family, friends, co-workers, etc. Measuring 'connectivity'
is difficult, and relationships do not need to be
symmetrical. (Jim may respect Bill, but Bill may have no
respect for Jim.) But we will assume its possible to get an
idea of an average number of connections that the actors
have.
When considering the connectivity important for opinion flow
two things will generally be important: frequency of
communication and the respect the partners hold for each
other in the topic at hand.
In our model, a high positive connection strength will
indicate respect, and a high negative number will indicate
contempt.
Figure 2. Actors have connections.
Element 3. Networks
Groups of connected individuals form a network.
In this study we won’t group the people in family units,
tribal units, or other sorts of hierarchies ? although that
is possible to do. Instead we will take the simple approach
that in the large population connections are basically
random, and in a small population the game creator will
dictate it.
Figure 3. Groups of actors form networks.
Force Calculation
As mentioned in the introduction, we are reducing the actor’
s opinions on the topic at hand into one simple number. We
will call this number the alignment score. Some people
believe strongly in an idea. Others are lukewarm, or may
believe in the opposite. The strength of someone’s belief
influences how likely they are to transmit it to others3.
The scale selected for the alignment scores is arbitrary.
One simply has to be able to indicate people who support or
disagree with an opinion, and indicate how strong they are
in their opinions. An example scale is shown in Table 2. On
this scale +1 indicates a normal follower of King John and
+3 a radical follower.
+3
+2
+1
0
-1
-2
-3
Strong Belief
Strong Disbelief
Table 2. Initial alignment scores will need to be assigned
to the actors.
We will calculate the average alignment felt by the actor
(weighted by the strength of their connections) and then
measure the distance from that to the actor’s current
alignment. If there is no difference (for example, if the
people around an actor support King John, and he or she
already supports King John) then they will feel no force to
change their opinion.
Force = Average Alignment felt by Actor ? Actors Alignment
Figure 4. The force pulling on the actor comes from their
distance from the crowd.
We are getting the ‘crowd opinion’ from what the actor sees
around him or her. There will be a component roughly
analogous to each of the terms in the Boids algorithm:
Total Force = Force (alignment) + Force (cohesion) + Force
(separation)
Force Alignment
Calculate the force on an actor based on what they perceive
to be the majority opinion.
Force Cohesion
Calculate the average alignment on the topic at hand across
all of the individuals nearby that this individual respects.
Force Separation
Calculate the average alignment on the topic at hand across
all of the individuals nearby for which this individual has
contempt.
Table 3.Review of forces acting on an individual.
By allowing actors to be either other individuals or news
sources, we are effectively combining our forces of cohesion
and alignment, respectively. Originally it was considered
that the force of alignment would be the force that the
nebulous ‘them’ out there have. For example, someone in the
communist Soviet Union would have had know that there were
millions of capitalists. That knowledge could make one
reassess that the people nearby are saying ‘communism beats
capitalism.’
But one has to consider that we only know about the nebulous
‘them’ from our news sources. Since some leaders seek to
control news sources, knowledge of the nebulous ‘them’ may
be restricted. It is better to treat these news sources, and
the respect that an actor may have for them, individually.
(Page 2/8)
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